Associate Professor Penders (1978) studied Environmental Health Sciences and additionally Epidemiology at Maastricht University and received his Ph.D. on the infant gut microbiota in atopic diseases at the Department of Epidemiology of Maastricht University. After visiting scholarships at the Department of Pediatric Pulmunology and Immunology at Charité Universitätsmedizin (Berlin, Germany) under Professor Eckard Hamelman and